IAI Latent Print Certification Latest Update 2024 Test Questions With Solved Solutions | Exams Nursing | Docsity (2024)

Download IAI Latent Print Certification Latest Update 2024 Test Questions With Solved Solutions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! IAI Latent Print Certification Latest Update 2024 Test Questions With Solved Solutions What sequence of latent print development techniques are used to develop prints from porous materials? Answer - DFO, Ninhydrin, Physical Developer The final purple coloured compound usually produced with the treatment of Ninhydrin Answer - Ruhemann's Purple What latent print development technique is used to process nonporous materials that are wet? Answer - Small Particle Reagent A dye which stains protein present in blood to give a blue-black product Answer - Amido Black The following types of fingerprints will fluoresce under appropriate illumination Answer - 1. Natural latent fingerprints 2. Some types of contamination arising from the environment and subsequently deposited in fingerprints May be one of the first processes used in a sequence of a fingerprint examination Answer - Fluorescence examination Gentian violet is a dye which stains fatty constituents of sebaceous sweat producing an intense purple image. It is very effective for the development of latent fingerprints on... Answer - Adhesive surface of adhesive tapes Alternative process names for Gentian Violet Answer - 1. Crystal Violet 2. Methyl Violet Alternative process name for Amido Black Answer - Naphthalene Black Iodine vapour is physically absorbed by latent fingerprint deposits and often fades unless fixed. What color image is formed using iodine vapour? Answer - Brown Gentian Violet can interfere with the forensic examination for: Answer - 1. Handwriting 2. Body fluids 3. Ink Ninhydrin is a general purpose fingerprint reagent for paper and some other porous surfaces. What component of a fingerprint deposit does it react with? Answer - Amino Acids How long does it generally take for Ninhydrin treated prints to naturally, fully develop Answer - Several weeks The development of Ninhydrin treated prints may be accelerated with the use of? Answer - Heating and Humidification Ninhydrin which uses a Freon solvent virtually eliminates the following problem when processing porous materials for latent prints? Answer - Ink running Ninhydrin may be applied using what methods? Answer - 1. Dipping 2. Brushing 3. Spraying Physical Developer (PD) is what kind of aqueous reagent? Answer - Silver- based Physical Developer reacts with components of sebaceous sweat to form what colored deposit? Answer - Grey-silver Physical Developer is a very effective reagent for developing latent fingerprints on paper which has been: Answer - Wetted These flake powders have been shown to be more sensitive than most other types of powders Answer - Aluminum Which latent print development technique was replaced by the Ninhydrin/Physical Developer combination for treating porous materials for latent prints? Answer - Silver Nitrate Silver Nitrate reacts with what component present in fingerprint deposits? Answer - Chlorides Small Particel Reagent (SPR) is a latent print development technique that may be used on all non-porous surfaces including those which are ... Answer - Wet What does Small Particle Reagent adheres to in the fingerprint deposit? Answer - Fats Small Particle Reagent is comprised of what fine particles? Answer - Molybdenum Disulphide Small Particle Reagent forms what color deposit? Answer - Grey, also white and black The best latent print development technique for use on non-porous surfaces which are contaminated with grease, foodstuffs, or dried deposits of soft drinks Answer - Sudan Black 2. Humidity Fading is a common phenomenon for prints developed with: Answer - Ninhydrin Ninhydrin has been known to develop old prints Answer - 30-35 years The human eye can generally detect no more that various shades of gray Answer - 16-32 shades of gray The FBI Identification Division was established in 1924 when the records of the National Bureau of Criminal Investigation and the Leavenworth Penitentiary Bureau were consolidated in Washington D.C. The original collection of has expanded into many millions. Answer - 810,000 records Type lines may be defined as the two innermost ridges which start parallel, diverge, and surround or tend to surround: Answer - The pattern area The delta is that point on a ridge at or in front of and nearest the center of divergence of: Answer - The type lines A delta may be Answer - 1. dot 2. bifurcation 3. an abrupt ending ridge The core of a loop is placed upon or within: Answer - the innermost sufficient recurve The essentials of a loop are: Answer - 1. sufficient recurve 2. delta 3. ridge count across a looping ridge Loops that flow in the direction of the ulna bone (toward the little finger) are called: Answer - Ulnar Loops Loop that flow in the direction of the radius bone are called: Answer - Radial Loops The double loop consists of two separate loop formations, with two separate and distinct shoulders and two : Answer - Deltas A tenprint card with a primary classification of 32/32 means that all of the prints are: Answer - Whorls The classification formula may be composed of the following divisions Answer - 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Subsecondary 4. Major 5. Final 6. Key NCIC stands for: Answer - National Crime Information Center Based of NCIC classification an actual ridge count plus "50" represents what kind of fingerprint pattern? Answer - Radial Loop The NCIC code for Tented Arch is: Answer - TT The NCIC code for missing/amputated fingers is: Answer - XX When fingerprinting the dead and rigor mortis (stiffening of the muscles) has set in and the fingers are tightly clenched, the fingers may be: Answer - Forcible straightened by "breaking the rigor" This person is credited with being the first European to recognize the value of friction ridge prints and to actually use them for identification purposes: Answer - Sir William Herschel The first truly scientific method of criminal identification (of which we are aware) was devised by : Answer - Alphonse Bertillion Anthropometry is an identification system also known as: Answer - Bertillonage This person significantly helped advance the field of fingerprint identification in South America while employed at the Central Police Department at La Plata, Argentina: Answer - Juan Vucetich In 1896 this country became the first country in the world to abolish the anthropometry system: Answer - Argentina A professor at the University of Bologna, Italy, this person published the results of this examination of friction ridge skin with the newly invented microscope: Answer - Nehemiah Grew This person was the first to describe the repetitiveness and similarities of friction ridge patterns in the same breath with the recognition that specific friction arrangement are never duplicated: Answer - Johannes Purkinje Pore ducts open along the top of friction ridges. They appear to be evenly spaced along the ridge. The appearance of even spacing is due to the fact that friction ridges are constructed of: Answer - Ridge units Immature ridge formations that develop in the same manner as normal ridges: Answer - Incipient ridges Eccrine sweat contain approximately what percentage of water? Answer - 99% The solids of eccrine sweat are half inorganic salts and half organic compounds. The salt is mostly sodium chloride while the organic compounds include: Answer - 1. Urea 2. Amino acids 3. Petides "Red flags" are deposition or pressure distortion indicators that: Answer - are warnings and warrant careful analysis A ridge break may be cause by: Answer - 1. a dip in the ridge at a pore opening 2. a failure in deposition of matrix 3. dirt The intrinsic or innate ridge formation are: Answer - Third level detail When encountering friction ridge clusters, the anatomical aspects of the digits in the cluster assist with: Answer - Digit determination Friction ridge comparison is a process where visual comparative measurements, and sometimes physical comparative measurements, are made between the latent and exemplar prints. The measurements are sequential, spatial, and configurative in nature. The comparison must: Answer - Be completely objective During the identification process the purpose of first level detail is: Answer - To narrow the number of possible donors Hale's islands and branchings refer to major 2nd level ridge path deviations found on the friction ridges known as: Answer - Islands and bifurcations When two bifurcations form on the same ridge facing each other and their branches join, the formation is called: Answer - An Enclosure When two bifurcations develop next to each other on the same ridge Answer - Trifurcation Friction ridges flow in concert. When a ridge ends the two adjacent ridges: Answer - Flow together to fill the void Third level ridge details: Answer - Have tremendous individualizing power Poor quality prints that are not easy to compare fall into what may be described as a gray area. The size of a gray area and the number of prints that will fall into this area is dependent on examiner: Answer - 1. Training and experience 2. Ability and skill 3. Knowledge "Palmar flexion crease identification is established through the agreement of flexion creases in sequence having sufficient uniqueness to individualize" Answer - This is a simple phrase to describe the philosophy of palmar flexion crease The method of palmar flexion crease identification: Answer - Follows the ACE-V formula Comparison tests involving palmar flexion creases and their results have been performed and were reported in 1991 by: Answer - New Scotland Yard In testifying to fingerprint identification, the expert often prepares charts to visually aid the court and jury in understanding the nature of his/her testimony. The What is the proper sequence for latent print development on porous materials using the following methods: Ninhydrin, Iodine, Silver Nitrate: Answer - 1. Iodine 2. Ninhydrin 3. Silver Nitrate Of all the solvents used for Ninhydrin solutions, the following result in the greatest damage to inks: Answer - 1. Acetone 2. Methyl Alcohol 3. Ethyl Alcohol Of all the solvents used for Ninhydrin solutions, the following result in the least damage to inks: Answer - 1. Freon 113 2. Ethyl Ether 3. Petroleum Ether If kept for any length of time, silver nitrate solutions should be kept: Answer - In a well-stoppered dark-colored bottle or in a dark place A satisfactory clearing solution for both Ninhydrin and Silver Nitrate stains is: Answer - Ordinary household bleach, Clorox One of the most dangerous chemical substances used in latent fingerprint work is: Answer - Hydrogen Fluoride Prior to applying any chemical techniques for developing latent prints to suspected blood stains, the evidence should: Answer - Be first examined by a serologist Leucomalachite green is a sensitive reagent which has been used for a considerable time by criminalists as a chemical test for: Answer - Blood Luminol is a highly sensitive chemical test for : Answer - Blood, which produces a chemiluminescence of 15 minutes duration or more This is a latent print development technique that employs finely powdered lead to visually record latent print images: Answer - X-Ray Photographing a latent print prior to lifting: Answer - Preserves the latent image in the event of loss or destruction in the lifting Three types of lifting devices are commonly used to lift powdered latents: Answer - 1. Rubber lifters 2. Lifting tape 3. Hinge lifters Rubber lifters are not commonly used as lifting tape and hinge lifters, but they are more versatile. Rubber lifters are particularly useful when lifting latent prints from: Answer - Curved Surfaces Lifts made with transparent tapes and lifters can be compared directly with inked impressions, whereas opaque lifters must be: Answer - Reversed If two or more simultaneous fingerprints are developed in a group, the best procedure is to lift: Answer - The impressions as a group A latent print itself is not removable from a surface by the lifting process. The oils and moisture simply hold powder grains, which are in turn picked up by the adhesive tape. A powder and not the latent image is lifted. Answer - If the process is repeated, each lift becomes progressively weaker. Iodine developed latent prints can be accelerated by exposure to: Answer - Sunlight Silicone rubber casting provides the best technique for accurately recording and permanently preserving: Answer - Plastic fingerprint impressions Latent fingerprints on are about the most difficult or an examiner to detect and develop Answer - Cloth The correct procedure to recover latent prints on dusty surfaces is: Answer - Proper use of lighting and photography Latent prints etched in metal: Answer - Cannot normally be developed further and must be photographed as they appear. The best technique for developing latent fingerprints on plastic is: Answer - Magnetic powders This technique has been known to develop print impressions on human skin Answer - Iodine Charts are used to: Answer - Demonstrate how an examiner arrived at a conclusion regarding the fingerprints Normally, Ninhydrin-developed latent prints should be photographed using: Answer - A green filter Pattern areas of the foot Answer - 1. Ball pattern zone 2. Plantar pattern zone 3. Calcar pattern zone The medial phalangeal zone is: Answer - the second or middle joint of the finger These appear on all toes: Answer - Arch, loop, and whorl patterns The Polaroid CU-5 is a: Answer - Close up camera The Polilight is: Answer - An Alternate Light Source This can be used to recover prints from dust: Answer - Electrostatic dust print lifter Credited with being the first to use microscope for medical studies; layer of skin was named after him Answer - Malpighi First to write that friction ridge skin is unique, German doctor and anatomist Answer - J.C.A. Mayer English wood engraver, ornithologist whom carved his fingerprint Answer - Thomas Bewick Classified fingerprint patterns into 9 categories, which became precursor to the Henry Classification System Answer - Dr. Johnannes Purkinje German Anthropologist, studied friction ridge skin permanence, printed his own right hand in 1856 and again in 1897 Answer - Hermann Welcker Credited as being the first person to study the persistence of friction ridge skin Answer - Sir William James Herschel Instituted the recording of friction ridge skin as a method of individualization on a widespread basis; explained permanence and uniqueness of friction ridge skin in the Hooghly Letter he wrote to Bengal's Inspector of Jails and Registrar General. Answer - Sir William James Herschel Microscopist for U.S. Department of Agriculture, proposed the idea of using bloody prints found at crime scenes as a means to identify suspects Answer - Thomas Taylor First person to publish in a journal the value of friction ridge skin for individualization, especially its use as evidence. Answer - Henry Faulds Credited with initially suggested associating the identification of fingerprints found at crime scenes with finger impressions in a collection Answer - Henry Faulds Created anthropometry, which used body measurements for identification purposes Answer - Alphonse Bertillon Given credit for solving the first murder in Europe with the use of only fingerprint evidence (bloody fingerprints in the murder of Joseph Reibel) Answer - Alphonse Bertillon "Tragedy of Pudd'n head Wilson" explains permanence and uniqueness of friction ridge skin Answer - Samuel Langhorne Clemens AKA Mark Twain From Hamberg, Germany, was the first to identify the presence and locations of the volar pads on the hands and feet Answer - Dr. Arthur Kollmann Cousin of Charles Darwin, author of "Finger Prints" Answer - Sir Francis Galton Established that friction ridge skin was unique and persistent. Answer - Sir Francis Galton He was also the first to name and define specific print minutiae, therefore they became known as Galton details Answer - Sir Francis Galton French medical/legal scientist published a thesis in 1891 proposed using powders and chemicals to develop latent prints at crime scenes in order to individualize the person who had touched an object Answer - Rene Forgeot Statistician in Argentina, devised his own classification system and individualized prisoners through the use of fingerprints. Answer - Juan Vucetich In 1983, operated the office that solved the Rojas murder by fingerprints. Answer - Juan Vucetich Considered to be the first homicide solved by fingerprint evidence, and Argentina became the first country to rely solely on fingerprints as a method of individualization Answer - The Rojas Murder Case Collaborated with Galton on a method of classification for fingerprints. Answer - Sir Richard Henry Credited for his practical interest in fingerprints in India as a means of identifying workers to ensure that payment of wages was not duplicated. Answer - Sir Richard Henry University of Edinburgh, Scotland, is credited with being the first to recognize that friction ridges assist with grasping; "The Papillary Ridges on the Hands and Feet of Monkeys and Men" dealt with the evolution of the volar pads Answer - David Hepburn Was the first to suggest that the centers of disturbance of primate friction ridge formations actually represented the locations of the volar pads Answer - Harris Hawthorne Wilder Is considered to be the first case in which fingerprint evidence was used to secure a conviction Answer - a criminal case in Bengal in 1898 Dec 1990 the Belper Committee in England recommended the Henry Classification system and the individualization of criminals by means of fingerprints became standard practice in England and would eventually be adopted in most English- speaking countries Answer - Henry Classification The 1902 trial in England involved Inspector Charles Stockley Collins of Scotland Yard testifying to an individualization made in a burglary case. This trial and subsequent conviction marked the beginning of fingerprint evidence in the courts of England Answer - First trial relying on fingerprint evidence 1902 by Dr. Henry P. de Forest of the New York Civil Service Commission. He established the practice of fingerprinting civil service applicants in order to prevent imposters from taking test for otherwise unqualified people. Answer - First systematic use of fingerprints in the United States Created in New York by Captain James H. Parke, first systematic use of fingerprinting for criminal record purposes in the United States. Answer - American Classification System Landmark legal case that was the first American appellate case regarding the admissibility of fingerprint expert testimony Answer - People vs Jennings (1911) is considered to be the first conviction obtained with fingerprint evidence alone in the United States Answer - People vs. Crispi Explained poroscopy Answer - Edmond Locard The first scientific research supporting third level detail as permanent and unique Answer - Harris Hawthorne Wilder and Bert Wentworth - published "Personal Identification.." Led the Identification Division of the FBI at its inception Answer - John Edgar Hoover Made up the majority of the epidermis, they change in chemical composition as they reach the surface, distinguishable by the presence of keratin intermediate filaments Answer - Keratinocytes stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum Answer - Epidermis Layers Innermost layer of epidermis, continually divides Answer - Stratum Basale Significant epidermal layer that allows skin to act as a major barrier Answer - Stratum Corneum Exists between cells through the entire epidermis, vary in size Answer - Desmosomes Associated with course hair of armpits and pubic area, the gland's duct typically empties into a hair follicle Answer - Apocrine gland eccrine and apocrine Answer - Sudoriferous glands Mostly on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (produce water and organic compounds, amino acids) Answer - Eccrine gland Small saclike organic that are found in the dermis layer of skin, associated with body hair, lipids are the primary compound found in this gland, secretions typically empty into a hair follicle before reaching the skin's